LED Resister Selection - HOW TO
Lots of words and no pictures, enjoy
Summary: Read the Current number on the LED packaging. Divide the voltage of the battery by the current number. That is the resistance you want.
Example 1:
Two AA batteries = 3V
LED needs a Current of 20mA
3/.02=150 ohm
150 is a common and easy to find resister value.
Example 2:
Three AAA batteries = 4.5V
LED needs a Current of 12mA
4.5/.012=375 ohm
375 is NOT a common and easy to find resister value. You will not find a 375 ohm resister. In this case choose the nearest value resister you can find. I like to choose on the low side, 330 ohm or 360 ohm are much more common and will work just as well.
Example 3:
One 9V battery = 9V
LED needs a Current of 18mA
9/.018=500 ohm
500 is a common and easy to find resister value. 470 or 510 will also work.
Already have a resister and want to know if it will fry your LED?
You should never increase the current number by more than 50% beyond what the LED is rated.
Example 4:
Four AA batteries = 6V
LED needs a Current of 20mA
Already have a 220 ohm resister.
6/220=0.027
That is 27mA, this is perfectly fine. A 300 ohm resister would be ideal (6/0.2=300), but your LED will be fine with the 220 ohm resister you already have.
Example 5:
One 9V battery = 9V
LED needs a Current of 20mA
Already have a 150 ohm resister.
9/150=0.06
That is 60mA. THREE TIMES MORE THAN THE LED CAN HANDLE. Use a larger resister to decrease the current. A 9V battery and a 150 ohm resister will destroy an LED in a very brief period of time.
Example 6:
Two AA batteries = 3V
LED needs a Current of 22mA
Already have a 500 ohm resister.
3/500=0.006
That is 6mA. This is way to little of current, use a smaller resister to increase the current. At 6mA even if the LED turns on, it will be very dim.